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2010-10-23 11-25-22 Malawi - Chileka
 

 

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http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PIIGS_Mk_4_map.png

Summary

Description
English: I modified a copy of the map 'File:Commonwealth games 1998 medal winners.PNG' by Commons user Roke. It replaces my map 'File:PIGS Mk 3 map.png' which became defective would not update, when I uploaded the updated image. I added Antarctica to it.--Snow storm in Eastern Asia (talk) 15:03, 4 June 2010 (UTC)

The map's time frame is from 1st January 2007 to 1st July 31 2010.

Sorry about the length, I have globalized it.

The price of Nickel boomed in the late 1990s, then the price of nickel imploded from around $51,000 /£36,700 per metric ton in the May of 2007 to about $11,550/£8,300 per metric ton in the January of 2009. Prices were only just starting to recover as of January 2010, but most of Australia's nickel mines had gone bankrupt by then.Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; refs with no name must have content As the price for high grade nickel sulphate ore recovered in 2010, so did the Australian mining industry.

By late 2010 both Iceland, the UK, the USA and Latvia are recovering after their major 2008 and 2009 banking failures and closures (Northern Rock, Icesave, Lehman Broths, etc). Belarus had a 20% overnight devaluation of the national currency on 2 January 2009.[1] Germany and Egypt were going down with a heavy budget deficit on May 6th and February the 24th, 2010, respectively. The Czech Republic had a heavy budget deficit by 22-09-2009. The banking situation still remains unbalanced, and major banking breakdowns are now limited thanks to the guaranty of public funds in the USA. The Euro-zone is still to recover, but generally hasn't been affected by such profound banking failures, with the exception of Greece, Spain, Belgium and the UK. Slovakia gave money to their folding central bank on the 8th of December, 2009, and Norway’s oil output fell in both 2009 and 2010. 40% of Bosnians were jobless in mid 2010.[2]

Concerning the European 'PIIGS' countries shown on the map : Consecutively to the severe crisis in Greece, some speculation was made against other Euro-zone states, using the pejorative name of PIIGS (combination of the initials of Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece and Spain) to increase the fear and the feelings of messiness these countries may give to many investors who only have an incomplete knowledge of their economy. If Ireland is most definitely in a difficult situation, Italy has strictly no reason to be compared to Greece, with a deficit of less than a half of the Greek one. Although severely affected in terms of unemployment, Spain has already been through such situations in the past (most of the 80's and 90's) without any risk of bankruptcy, and it is important to remember the actual deficit comes after years of positive balance. Thanks to this, the debt refund (interest included) represent, today, less in percentage in the annual budget for 2010, than it did in any of the last fifteen years. Besides, the failing UK deserved more than any other to be associated with the failed state of Greece. But, apart from the questionable nicknames (may "GUK" sound less funny than "PIIGS"?), all this shows how much words and rumours can play important roles in a somewhat serious and full of severe consequences subject : world economy. In any case, UK is indeed not far from Greece in terms of public debt, and surely more exposed than some of the so called "PIIGS". In conclusion, ridiculous rumours ("France out of the Euro", "Spain bankruptcy") and scurrilous nicknames (PIIGS) obviously helped speculation against the Euro-zone, by increasing the panic induced by the quite real and serious Greek crisis. It is however important to remember that Greece represents for the European Union hardly much more than Oklahoma for the USA, while in America, much weightier states than Oklahoma, like California, are in very difficult situation too. In fact, this speculation against the Euro allowed a side effect : the purchase of huge amounts of US Dollars in a key moment of the crisis, giving at least some value to China's colossal reserves (almost exclusively in US Dollars) and allowing the USA to benefit from more time ahead, to carry on going through this crisis, in hope of an eventual true recovery (independent of public stimulus), which is the only viable option for the world's biggest economy to overcome its abyssal financial depression. Since 2008, the "PIIGS" strategy is just one of different attempts : One of the most representative of the precedent rumours was in late 2008 and early 2009, about probable doom-like chain reactions in Eastern European countries, regarding local private banking failures (which, eventually, did not happen to be that bad)... Chile‘s economy shrank 4.5% in 2009 and Algeria’s gas exports fell b 3.9% in 2009 due to reduced demand in the EU. Drought has hit some parts of the Magreb and Iberia badly in 2009 and 2010. About 37.3 million (37,3000,000) Americans, or about 12.5% of the population, were living in poverty during 2007 according to timesofoman.com.[3] Other sources put higher poverty rates up for Uzbekistan and Tadjikistan. The IMF gave a 3, 500,000,000 loan to Belarus on January the 3rd, 2009, according to www.thefreelibrary.com.[4]

Despite of all this some Arabian economies were doing well. The Oxford Business Group and the International Monetary Fund (I.M.F.) report on the 11th of June, 2009, that Bahrain should see an economic increase of 2.6 % in the fiscal year of 2009 to 2010.[5] Oman’s tourist industry grew, but a dip in oil exports caused a brief recession by May 2009.[6] Saudi Arabia, Quatar and Kuwait were also seeing limited positive economic growth during 2009 and 2010. Surprisingly, The Emirate of Dubai went temporarily bankrupt on the 24th of March, 2009.[7] Abu Dhabi has also saw a heavy slip in real estate sales since 2008 and subsequently prices have also slipped slightly downwards in 2010. Inevitably the crisis has affected all countries in region some ways, but certain countries were vastly affected more than others.

In Africa, between May 12th and 26th, both Mauritania, the Sénégal River Area and neighbouring parts of both Senegal and Mali faced both a drought and famine in 2010.[8][9] Their economies were damaged by this to. The Johannesburg Stock Exchange fell by 31% in 2008. Mining authorities announced on the 10th of December, 2009, that the Dikulushi Mine, which is situated in the Democratic Republic of the Congo’s Katanga Province, would close due to poor copper prices. [10]

In Central America Dollarization damages some states like El Salvador,[11][12] but not others like Panama. Interestingly Panama had a small budget surplus in 2008, a 4.7% deficit in and a 1% deficit in 2009.

Armenia had an increase of consumer prices by 20-30% on March 3rd, 2009. Azerbijan had budget surplus of 4.9% on May 13th, 2010. Thailand was planning to cut it’s budget deficit to 4% in 2011. They had a Bt400 billion deficit in January 28, 2010 and a Bt150 billion the fiscal year 0f 2008 (2009 was in keeping with the trend, but not specified).[13] Deloitte say Canadian consumers are increasing their debt-to-disposable-income ratios to more than 130% on February 04, 2009 and Canada‘s budget deficits totalled C$85 billion ($69 billion) over five years as the result of a recession and a C$40 billion two-year stimulus package packed with infrastructure spending, tax cuts and targeted loans by January 27, 2009. Poland's general government deficit widened to 7.1 percent of gross domestic product 2009, but slightly narrower than the government's estimate. By 29 July, 2009, Brazil’s first-half nominal budget deficit index, including federal and local governments and state companies, widened to 43.7 billion Reais ($23 billion), the biggest gap since the modern records began in 2001. By the 18th January, 2010, Angola began to diversify it’s economy and on the 15th of May, 2010, Angolan entrepreneurial activity remained low. Haiti’s earthquake of 2010 had ruined the economy. In Singapore , the economy shrank by 2.1% in 2009, but may grow by 4.5% to 6.5% in 2010. By March, 2010, Vietnam had spent 1% of it’s GDP ($1billion) on subsidising the economy, but 5.32% growth seen likely by Vietnam for the whole of 2009. By the 13th of February, 2009, the Dutch economy shrank 0.9%. On the 6th of March, 2009, Indonesia’s government forecast a maximum 4 per cent growth as the recession devastated East Timor during March, 2009. Cuba entered a severe recession by December, 2008, and New Zealand was in recession by August, 2008. The Finnish central bank forecast, annual Finnish GDP to contract by 7.2% in 2009, remain unchanged in 2010 and grow 1.6% in 2011. Republic of Congo's real GDP rose by 8.30% in 2009. Mongolian bulk trading sales were increased 45.2% compared with the same period of last Year May 15, 2010. Kenyan tea and coffee exports fell by just under 50% in 2008, but recovered in 2009. Nigeria’s economy is sadly being corrupted and in need restructuring reforms. Mauritania’s economy is in need of restructuring reforms and fiscal discipline. Today, high oil revenues and a small population give Libya one of the highest GDPs per person in Africa and have allowed the Libyan state to provide an extensive level of social security, particularly in the fields of housing and education.Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; refs with no name must have content Many problems still beset Libya's economy however; unemployment is the highest in the region at 21% according to the latest census figures.Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; refs with no name must have content Pakistan would also receive a yearly loan from Japan worth $500 million from 2006 to 2011 to help develop I.T. usage. The name of the Central Bank of Nigeria has been used in a series of so-called 'Nigerian 419 Scams'. The fraudster sends an e-mail that appears to come from a Central Bank employee to millions of people saying the Bank has found an excess of money, or a debt owing to, a person or persons who have since died, and they wish to export it. The victim submits his own bank account so that the money may be placed therein, only to find that within a week his account is empty. The bank is in no way associated with such scams.Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; refs with no name must have content

Malian, Kirgizian and Burkina Faso organic cotton bucked the down turn in 2010, while Zimbabwe's hyper inflation reached 25,000% in 2009.[14] Taiwan was in recession as its economy contracted by a record 8.36%. by February 18, 2009. Most pacific islands were in a recession from 2008 to 2010. Economic Growth was expected to rise slightly in resource-rich Papua New Guinea, lifting the overall growth rate in the Pacific to 3.7 per cent from 2.4%. South Korea’s exports Slid 21.2% and the economy only grew by 0.1% between January and March 2009, when compared with the last quarter of 2008. Vietnam's economy looked very shaky between 2009 and 2010 as a recession bit.[15] The Ivory Coast’s chocolate/cocoa bean exports were booming in 2010. The Asian Development Bank reports Vanuatu‘s would expand by 0.5 per cent this year after contracting an estimated 1.4 per cent last year.By measuring currency devaluation, equity market decline, and the rise in sovereign bond spreads, a picture of financial devastation emerges. Since these three indicators show financial weakness, taken together, they capture the impact of the crisis.Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag then collapsed to nearly their original starting price by the end of the next year.[16][17] Lead and Zink prices began to rise in early 2007 due to increased word wide demand. Prices were about $1,200 per tonne of lead in the October and then hurtled up to $2,220 per tonne of lead by September. Despite the Bullish market condition, the price had collapsed by the July of 2009 and was only worth about $1,400 per tonne of lead.[18] The lead and Zinc markets became rather Bearish for several months afterwards. Prices were hovering at between $1,770 and $2,175 per tonne of lead[19] as the markets became more bullish after China's car scrapage scheme had caused a general upturn in lead, zinc, cadmium and Aluminium prices.[19][20] By the June of 2010 prices stood at only $870 per tonne of lead bad back to about $2,200 in the July of 2010[20][21][22][23][24][25]

A Chinese mining company opened a new Tantalum mine in the DRC in early 2010.[26]

The blizzards of the winter of 2009-2010 caused heavy damage in Russia, China and Mongolia, which appeared to have posible long term consiquences.[27][28]

The Northern Hemisphere Summer heatwave 2010 affected the region's trade stats. New York City saw temperature as high as 35°C in some areas and it was predicted to reach 38C the next day. A report released by the Wall Street Journal on July 7, saying that June saw retail sails rise over the American Independence Day holiday Father's Day, especially along the East Coast of America.[29] By July 3, retail sales had risen by 3.9% from the year-ago period and 1% over the previous week, according to the International Council of Shopping Centers, and Goldman Sachs and Johnson Redbook Research also showed a sales gain in the final week of June, citing the hot weather.[29]

Consumers hid from the heat in air-conditioned shopping malls and bought more goods than usual summer merchandise like ice cream, air conditioners, fans, swimwear, hats, sun screen, vest tops and pool and beach equipment were all selling like the proverbial hotcakes, whilst unusualy heavy monsoons hit other parts of the nation.[29]

The Chinese heat wave made commodities including sugar cane, flowers, tea, fruit, potatoes, rapeseed, medicinal ingredients, tobacco, wheat,Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag[30]

For the rest of the information and the key, then enlarge the image. --Snow storm in Eastern Asia (talk) 02:38, 15 May 2010 (UTC)


Have I summed up the World banking and credit crisis, or is it to big for 1 map alone? Did my mapping experiment even work?---Snow storm in Eastern Asia (talk) 15:41, 13 May 2010 (UTC)

Yes.--82.18.192.250 (talk) 19:04, 28 May 2010 (UTC)

Sources

All the 1,100 or so globalized sources for all 150 or so nations affected or spared by the economic slump

  1. -://belarusdigest.com/tag/belarusian-economy/
  2. -://chalkboard.tol.org/kazakhstan-only-the-nimble-survive
  3. -://dalje.com/en-economy/belgiums-economy-shook-off-recession/279874
  4. -://fistfulofeuros.net/afoe/economics-and-demography/hungary-is-headed-for-a-substantial-recession-as-foreign-exchange-lending-seizes-up/
  5. -://ibnlive.in.com/news/sex-slaves-crusader-fights-pimps-credit-crunch/93450-2.html
  6. -://international-financial-affairs.suite101.com/article.cfm/us_credit_crunch_impact_on_africas_economies
  7. -://khmerian.com/tag/cambodian-microfinance-association-cma/
  8. -://knowledge.allianz.com/en/globalissues/microfinance/microfinance_basics/key_2009_microfinance.html
  9. -://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7529314.stm
  10. -://russian-ukrainian-belarus-history.suite101.com/article.cfm/russian-relations-with-belarus--ukraine-ptii
  11. -://vin-pri.travellerspoint.com/20/
  12. -://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:4wpdex0mae8J:www.articlesphere.com/Article/Global-Recession--Causes/164161+solomon+islands+recession&cd=6&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=uk
  13. -://www.associatedcontent.com/article/1156400/great_recession_the_next_south_korean.html
  14. -://www.ausaid.gov.au/country/country.cfm?CountryID=16
  15. -://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601095&sid=aQFrxGcZ99sg&refer=east_europe
  16. -://www.cdi.org/terrorism/georgia.cfm
  17. -://www.coha.org/latin-america%E2%80%99s-response-to-narco-fueled-transnational-crime/
  18. -://www.copcap.com/composite-1890.htm
  19. -://www.c-r.org/our-work/accord/georgia-abkhazia/economic-dimensions.php
  20. -://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/beauty/article-1277001/Credit-crunch-beauty-Women-ditch-salon-favour-cheaper-DIY-treatments.html
  21. -://www.economywatch.com/economic-development/pakistan.html
  22. -://www.economywatch.com/world_economy/lebanon/
  23. -://www.ecplaza.net/news/0/21569/hong_kong_casino_operator.html
  24. -://www.euromonitor.com/Travel_And_Tourism_in_Seychelles
  25. -://www.examiner.com/x-18731-San-Jose-EcoTravel-Examiner~y2009m8d10-Nicaragua--choice-ecodestination-in-a-recession
  26. -://www.expatica.com/be/news/local_news/Recession-strikes-in-Belgium_47974.html
  27. -://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/9/877/impact-of-recession-in-american-economy-on-india1.asp
  28. -://www.fibre2fashion.com/news/textile-news/bangladesh/newsdetails.aspx?news_id=76732
  29. -://www.forexpros.com/news/interest-rates-news/interview-belarus-seeks-more-loans--foreign-minister-50070
  30. -://www.france24.com/en/20100322-cambodia-expel-un-envoy-interferance-douglas-broderick-diplomacy
  31. -://www.gfmag.com/gdp-data-country-reports/319-belarus-gdp-country-report.html
  32. -://www.globalpropertyguide.com/Latin-America/Guatemala/Price-History
  33. -://www.gocurrency.com/countries/kazakhstan.htm
  34. -://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/how-the-seychelles-became-a-pirates-paradise-1892279.html
  35. -://www.independent-bangladesh.com/200802222227/business/barclays-banks-profits-fall-due-to-credit-crunch.html
  36. -://www.ireypg.com/blog/2008/11/21/cambodia-property-cambodian-property-market-overview/
  37. -://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=74581
  38. -://www.microcapital.org/microcapital-story-credit-crunch-hits-cambodian-microfinance-institutions/
  39. -://www.microcapital.org/news-wire-cambodia-first-credit-bureau-slated-to-open-within-18-months/
  40. -://www.microfinancegateway.org/p/site/m/template.rc/1.1.2132/
  41. -://www.mirror.co.uk/news/top-stories/2009/10/27/they-will-kill-our-parents-tonight-we-must-escape-115875-21776322/
  42. -://www.nicatimes.net/nicaarchive/2009_04/0417091.htm
  43. -://www.nrc.nl/international/article2151851.ece/Dutch_recession_now_official
  44. -://www.operationworld.org/country/geor/overvw01.html
  45. -://www.pacificbusinessonline.com/pacific/story/14742/pacifics-slow-recovery-recession
  46. -://www.pcimissionoverseas.org/get-involved/world-development/focus-cambodia/
  47. -://www.politigg.co.uk/stories/119551/The_Creditcrunch_a_Bangladeshi_perspective.html
  48. -://www.reuters.com/article/idUSLDE6590DP20100610
  49. -://www.stratfor.com/memberships/140495/analysis/20090617_recession_kazakhstan
  50. -://www.thefreelibrary.com/IMF+boosts+Belarus+loans+to+3.5+billion+dollars-a01611914403
  51. -://www.theindependent-bd.com/details.php?nid=156279
  52. -://www.topnews.in/us-electronics-firm-cuts-900-jobs-hungarian-recession-deepens-2131079
  53. -://www.tradingeconomics.com/Economics/GDP-Growth.aspx?Symbol=CHF
  54. -://www.wattagnet.com/13092.html
  55. -:/forum.tayyar.org/f82/recession-gulf-states-would-have-dire-consequences-lebanon-experts-37149/
  56. Austrian business cycle theory
  57. http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8015918.stm
  58. http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8636691.stm
  59. https://allafrica.com/stories/200903050893.html
  60. https://allafrica.com/stories/200904220789.html
  61. https://allafrica.com/stories/200905290461.html
  62. https://allafrica.com/stories/200907090739.html
  63. https://allafrica.com/stories/200909070435.html
  64. https://allafrica.com/stories/201001251190.html
  65. https://allafrica.com/stories/201005101904.html
  66. https://allafrica.com/stories/201005211119.html
  67. https://allafrica.com/stories/201006170081.html
  68. https://answers.google.com/answers/threadview/id/596137.html
  69. https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081214222733AAupFhd
  70. https://articles.latimes.com/2009/jan/17/world/fg-baltic-protests17
  71. https://articles.webraydian.com/article43651-Problems_and_Prospects_for_Abu_Dhabi_Real_Estate_in_2010.html
  72. https://barbadostraveladvisor.blogspot.com/2010/03/merricks-recession-2010-when-hotspots.html
  73. https://blog.taragana.com/business/2010/01/18/despite-economic-development-angola-still-virtual-one-party-state-21610/
  74. https://blogs.news.sky.com/kleinman/Post:b6db6096-04de-4d5f-8c9e-b34a975edc08
  75. https://blogs.reuters.com/global/2009/05/29/cattle-rustling-pythons-and-boogie-angola-style-the-best-reads-of-may/
  76. https://blogs.ssrc.org/sudan/2009/02/06/sudan%E2%80%99s-economy-and-the-financial-crisis/
  77. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=iojYOiGb-T4C&pg=PA3&lpg=PA3&dq=bank+collapses+bosnia+and+herzegovina&source=bl&ots=F06bBDQYHQ&sig=jhUaCwliDi-FglIyEs3IUF7PZCk&hl=en&ei=1fbrS5u1AYv40wST9Z3cBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false
  78. https://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/economics/article5627687.ece
  79. https://businessafrica.net/africabiz/countries/congo.php
  80. https://businessneweurope.eu/story1919/RUSSIA_2010_Slow_build_over_first_half_to_boom_in_2011
  81. https://buzz.yahoo.com/article/1:trend_hunter537:696fa2be247cd9bd85a6b36c9ce55f50/Recession-Proof-Cinema-Jada-Pinkett-Smith-Talks-Madagascar-2-VIDEO
  82. https://bx.businessweek.com/brazil-business/brazil-sept-budget-deficit-widens-to-nine-month-high-update3/397239822321379237-9a255969a001fed57d874148199a8558/
  83. https://caffertyfile.blogs.cnn.com/2008/10/31/if-mccain-loses-what%E2%80%99s-next-for-palin/
  84. https://colombiapassport.com/2008/11/23/no-recession-in-colombia-said-finance-ministry/
  85. https://colombiareports.com/colombia-news/economy/4709-colombia-officially-in-recession.html
  86. https://colombiareports.com/colombia-news/economy/6093-colombia-suffers-worst-recession-in-decade.html
  87. https://countrystudies.us/caribbean-islands/45.htm
  88. https://covertoperations.blogspot.com/2007/08/deutsche-bank-building-failed-to.html
  89. https://dalje.com/en-economy/belgiums-economy-shook-off-recession/279874
  90. https://dalje.com/en-economy/ecuadors-correa-threatens-sovereign-debt-default/204145
  91. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international-business/Abu-Dhabi-would-not-let-Dubai-go-bankrupt-Analysts/articleshow/5273892.cms
  92. https://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/02/22/another-recession-casualty-cuban-cigars/
  93. https://econospeak.blogspot.com/2008/12/mexican-recession-and-fiscal-policy.html
  94. https://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/meast/03/10/bahrain.finance/index.html
  95. https://en.afrik.com/article15849.html
  96. https://en.centralamericadata.com/en/search?q=El+Salvador&q1=content_en_le%3A%22financial+crisis%22&q2=content_en_le%3A%22credit-crunch%22
  97. https://en.centralamericadata.com/en/search?q=El+Salvador&q1=content_es_le%3A%22Finanzas%22&q2=content_en_le%3A%22credit-crunch%22
  98. https://en.mercopress.com/2008/04/26/uruguay-acts-to-contain-us-dollar-fall-in-local-market
  99. https://en.mercopress.com/2009/01/27/record-capital-flight-from-argentina-last-year-23-billion-usd
  100. https://en.mercopress.com/2009/07/29/brazils-budget-deficit-widens-but-should-begin-to-recover-by-end-of-2009
  101. https://en.mercopress.com/2009/08/20/chile-in-recession-economy-sinks-4.5-in-the-second-quarter
  102. https://en.mercopress.com/2009/09/19/argentinas-capital-flight-in-the-first-half-of-2009-reached-7.5-billion-usd
  103. https://en.mercopress.com/2009/11/19/brazil-mexico-and-chile-out-of-recession-beginning-2010-says-oecd
  104. https://en.sknews.ru/v102009/1510-the-economic-collapse-that-shook.html
  105. https://enews.ferghana.ru/news.php?id=1684
  106. https://eng.forsaetisraduneyti.is/news-and-articles/nr/3035
  107. https://english.boerse-express.com/article/6268
  108. https://english.cri.cn/6826/2009/02/14/1481s453852.htm
  109. https://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90778/90858/90865/6917773.html
  110. https://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90780/91345/7061886.html
  111. https://english.vovnews.vn/Home/Vietnam-hopes-to-boost-economic-cooperation-with-Belarus/20105/115545.vov
  112. https://eupolitics.einnews.com/news/kosovo-recession
  113. https://eupolitics.einnews.com/news/malta-recession
  114. https://eupolitics.einnews.com/news/slovakia-recession
  115. https://eupolitics.einnews.com/news/turkey-recession
  116. https://eurasia.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2009/07/06/economic_crisis_will_push_some_states_over_the_edge
  117. https://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/09/1889
  118. https://fistfulofeuros.net/afoe/economics-and-demography/hungary-is-headed-for-a-substantial-recession-as-foreign-exchange-lending-seizes-up/
  119. https://fistfulofeuros.net/afoe/economics-and-demography/is-romania-already-entering-recession/
  120. https://fistfulofeuros.net/afoe/economics-and-demography/sovenias-economy-falls-off-the-roof-while-slovakia-slides-into-recession/
  121. https://foodbizdaily.com/archive/2009/01/07/ivory-coastchocolate-could-lose-its-recession-proof-reputation-warns-icco.aspx
  122. https://forexblog.oanda.com/20100204/euro-struggles-on-growing-piigs-debt-concern/
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  203. Photo's description:
 Malawi, a Russian Mil 172 chopper without visible registration at Blantyre's Chileka airport.


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EXIF data:
File name 2010-10-23_11-25-22_malawi_-_chileka.jpg
Size, Mbytes 1.646072265625
Mime type image/jpeg
Camera manufacturer NIKON CORPORATION
Camera model NIKON D90
Orientation of image 1
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Image resolution in height direction 300
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F number f / 11
ISO speed rating 200
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Lens focal length 105 mm
Date and time original image was generated 2010:10:23 11:25:22
Date and time image was made digital data 2010:10:23 11:25:22
Meaning of each component 
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Metering mode 5
User comments ASCII
Supported Flashpix version 0100
Color space information 1
Exif image width 2628
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Digital zoom ratio 1
Focal length in 35 mm film 157 mm
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Software used Capture NX 2.2.5 W
Copyright holder Hansueli Krapf




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