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http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:First_STM.jpg |
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| Description | This is a Nobel Prize winning example of doing more with less
First Scanning tunneling microscope IBM Research Zurich 1981 (Explanation from Deutsches Museum with wiki hyperlinks added by me) The scanning tunneling microscope has given rise to new possibilities of investigating surfaces on the scale of individual atoms. Rather than "seeing" the atoms, the instrument "feels" them by scanning the surface line by line with a very sharp tip at a constant distance of a few atomic diameters. This distance is minimized in a feedback loop by the tunneling current tip and sample when a voltage is applied. The current is extremely dependent on the distance between tip and sample - the smaller the distance, the larger the current. Reducing the distance by only one-tenth of a nanometer (a millonth of a millimeter) increase the current tenfold. A tripod of piezoelectric rods allows very precise movement of the microscope tip in all directions. By applying and removing a voltage, these elements expand and shrink, between 0.1 and 10 picometers (a billionth of a millimeter) per millivolt. The STM measurement results constitute a field of scanned lines from which a three-dimensional image of the surface can be obtained in millionfold magnification e.g. by computer image processing. Since the breakthrough of the first STM in 1981, numerous further developments and variations quickly led to a wealth of new knowledge in quite diverse research areas. The STM principle is generally considered a key in nanotechnology owing to its capability to image surfaces and investigate their properties on the nanometer scale. and ultimately, even to change structures atom by atom. The first significant step in the latter direction was the controlled deposition of individual atoms in 1990. The invention of the scanning tunneling microscope brought Gerd Binnig , a German, and Heinrich Rohrer, a Swiss, both from IBM Zurich Reasearch Laboratory, the physics Nobel prize in 1986. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_tunneling_microscope See also: www.deutsches-museum-bonn.de/ausstellungen/meisterwerke/2... i061706 120 |
| Date | 28 May 2006, 08:40 |
| Source | First Scanning Tunneling Microscope Deutsches Museum
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| Author | J Brew |
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Camera location |
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Licensing
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This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic license. | |
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This image, originally posted to Flickr, was reviewed on August 15, 2008 by the administrator or reviewer File Upload Bot (Magnus Manske), who confirmed that it was available on Flickr under the above license on that date. |
| EXIF data: | |
| File name | first_stm.jpg |
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| Size, Mbytes | 1.3574775390625 |
| Mime type | image/jpeg |
| Camera manufacturer | NIKON |
| Camera model | E5600 |
| Orientation of image | 1 |
| Image resolution in width direction | 300 |
| Image resolution in height direction | 300 |
| Unit of X and Y resolution | 2 |
| Exposure time | 10/18 sec (0.55555555555556) |
| F number | f / 2.9 |
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| ISO speed rating | 100 |
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| Exif version | 0220 |
| Lens focal length | 5.7 mm |
| Date and time original image was generated | 2006:05:28 08:40:28 |
| Date and time image was made digital data | 2006:05:28 08:40:28 |
| Meaning of each component | |
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| Maximum lens aperture | 3 |
| Metering mode | 5 |
| User comments | |
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| Color space information | 1 |
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| Exif image length | 1944 |
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| Scene type | |
| Digital zoom ratio | 0 |
| Focal length in 35 mm film | 34 mm |
| Gain control | 1 |
| Interoperability index | R98 |
| Interoperability version | 0100 |
| Software used | E5600v1.0 |
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